R m R i R o R m + − battery moves inside outside R i R o R m R i R o R m R i R o R m R i R o R m R i R o R m R i R m R i R o R m R i R o R m R i R o R m R i R o R m R i R o R m − +

Figure 1.3 Intracellular Recording. The electrodes span the membrane with the positive electrode inside the cell. The battery, representing change in membrane potential, moves along the model membrane.

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